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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
Published on: October 18, 2022
Structural insights into the inactivation of CRISPR-Cas systems by diverse anti-CRISPR proteins
Yuwei Zhu1, Fan Zhang2, Zhiwei Huang3
1HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China. yuweizhu@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
Abstract:
A molecular arms race is progressively being unveiled between prokaryotes and viruses. Prokaryotes utilize CRISPR-mediated adaptive immune systems to kill the invading phages and mobile genetic elements, and in turn, the viruses evolve diverse anti-CRISPR proteins to fight back. The structures of several anti-CRISPR proteins have now been reported, and here we discuss their structural features, with a particular emphasis on topology, to discover their similarities and differences. We summarize the CRISPR-Cas inhibition mechanisms of these anti-CRISPR proteins in their structural context. Considering anti-CRISPRs in this way will provide important clues for studying their origin and evolution.
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