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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual
Published on: January 11, 2018
Active middle ear implants
Luis Lassaletta1, Isabel Sánchez-Cuadrado2, Juan Manuel Espinosa3
1Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Comisión de Otoneurología de la SEORL, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-U761), Madrid, España.
Abstract:
Active middle ear implants are surgically implanted prosthesis, which intend to stimulate the ossicular chain or the inner ear fluids through the oval or round windows. These implants may be useful for the treatment of certain patients with sensorineural hearing loss as well as for conductive or mixed hearing loss. This clinical guide attempts to summarize the current knowledge concerning the basic characteristics and indications of the most commonly used middle ear implants, including Vibrant Soundbrige (Med-el, Innsbruck), Carina (Cochlear, Australia), and CodacsTM. (Cochlear, Australia).
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