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The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
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The Nucleus01:25

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Van der Waals Interactions01:24

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Illuminating the Nucleus: UVR8 Interacts with More.

Kaiwen Sun1, Ziqiang Zhu1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Trends in Plant Science
|March 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ultraviolet-B light inhibits plant growth. New research shows UV-B light directly impacts transcription factors, revealing how plants regulate growth in response to UV-B signals.

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Photobiology

Background:

  • Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light is known to inhibit hypocotyl elongation in plants.
  • While UV-B photoreception is understood, the subsequent signaling pathways to transcriptional changes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the signaling mechanisms connecting UV-B photoreception to downstream transcriptional regulation.
  • To identify the molecular players involved in mediating UV-B's effect on plant growth.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the direct interactions between UV-B photoreceptors and transcription factors.
  • Utilized molecular and genetic approaches to analyze signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that UV-B photoreceptors directly inhibit their interacting transcription factors.
Keywords:
BES1UV-BUVR8WRKY36transcription

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  • Identified a crucial link between UV-B perception and the regulation of gene expression.

    • Conclusions:

    • UV-B light's suppression of hypocotyl elongation is mediated by direct inhibition of transcription factors by UV-B photoreceptors.
    • This finding fills a significant knowledge gap in understanding UV-B signal transduction in plants.