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Related Concept Videos

Gain01:15

Gain

449
Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
449
Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.2K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.9K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Translating High-Throughput Phenotyping into Genetic Gain.

José Luis Araus1, Shawn C Kefauver1, Mainassara Zaman-Allah2

  • 1Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

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|March 21, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Efficient high-throughput field phenotyping is crucial for accelerating genetic gain in crop breeding. Integrating phenotyping with trial management, data handling, and crop modeling optimizes breeding program success.

Keywords:
field phenotypinggenetic gainhigh-throughputremote sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genetics

Background:

  • High-throughput field phenotyping is essential for genetic gain in breeding programs.
  • Current phenotyping lacks integration with broader breeding strategies.
  • Efficient phenotyping requires more than just data management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive perspective on effective field phenotyping implementation.
  • To outline strategies for bridging the gap between breeders and phenotyping specialists.
  • To enhance genetic gain through improved phenotyping practices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current field phenotyping methodologies.
  • Analysis of integration requirements for breeding programs.
  • Discussion of data management and crop modeling in phenotyping.

Main Results:

  • Field phenotyping must be integrated into a wider breeding context.
  • Effective phenotyping involves trial management and spatial variability handling.
  • Comprehensive data management and crop modeling are key.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing field phenotyping is critical for advancing crop breeding.
  • A holistic approach integrating various components is necessary for success.
  • Improved collaboration between breeders and phenotypers is vital.