Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.6K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.6K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.5K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.5K
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

518
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
518
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

1.0K
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
1.0K
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

634
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
634
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

1.2K
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reducing blood product wastage: Insights from a retrospective study in a tertiary health facility.

PloS one·2026
Same author

A survey of regulatory recommendations for waivers of <i>in vivo</i> bioequivalence studies of generic products for certain dosage forms by participating regulators and organisations of the International Pharmaceutical Regulators Programme. Part 2.

Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques·2025
Same author

Artificial intelligence in clinical pharmacy-A systematic review of current scenario and future perspectives.

Digital health·2025
Same author

Clinical Implications and Patient Outcomes Associated with otic Resistance in Saudi Arabian Intensive Care Unit Facilities: A Perspective.

Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology·2025
Same author

REaCT-5G: a randomized trial of bone pain with 5-day filgrastim vs pegfilgrastim for neutropenia in breast cancer.

JNCI cancer spectrum·2025
Same author

Impaired DNA damage responses and inflammatory signaling underpin hematopoietic stem cell defects in Gata2 haploinsufficiency.

Stem cell reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program
08:59

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

Published on: February 25, 2015

28.7K

Saudi Vigilance Program: Challenges and lessons learned.

Adel Alharf1, Nasser Alqahtani1, Ghazi Saeed1

  • 1Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ : the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
|March 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The Saudi Vigilance program, established in 2009, significantly enhances drug safety in Saudi Arabia through improved reporting systems and initiatives. This pharmacovigilance system is crucial for public health and mitigating adverse drug events.

Keywords:
PharmacovigilanceSaudi Food and Drug AuthoritySaudi Vigilance Program

More Related Videos

The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test rPVT: A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice
07:47

The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test rPVT: A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice

Published on: December 29, 2016

12.8K
From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
10:18

From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Published on: October 19, 2014

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program
08:59

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

Published on: February 25, 2015

28.7K
The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test rPVT: A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice
07:47

The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test rPVT: A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice

Published on: December 29, 2016

12.8K
From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
10:18

From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Published on: October 19, 2014

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Drug Safety

Background:

  • Limited pharmacovigilance activities existed in Saudi Arabia before the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) establishment.
  • The SFDA established the National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Center (Saudi Vigilance) in 2009.
  • The Saudi Vigilance program has shown remarkable improvement in recent years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the Saudi Vigilance program.
  • To detail the program's scope, mission, vision, hierarchy, and operational themes.
  • To discuss early-phase challenges and future plans for the pharmacovigilance system.

Main Methods:

  • Review article format.
  • Focus on the structure and processes of the Saudi Vigilance program.
  • Analysis of implemented initiatives for program enhancement.

Main Results:

  • The Saudi Vigilance program has implemented several initiatives to improve performance.
  • Key initiatives include developing guidelines, enhancing reporting tools, and conducting training.
  • Stakeholder compliance has been a focus for system improvement.

Conclusions:

  • The Saudi Vigilance program represents a significant advancement in drug safety and pharmacovigilance in Saudi Arabia.
  • Ongoing efforts and future plans aim to further strengthen the system.
  • The program plays a vital role in protecting public health from adverse drug events.