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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
Published on: September 13, 2022
Research progress of percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Chao Wei1, Yucong Zhang1, Gaurab Pokhrel1
1Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiafang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Abstract:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is generally accepted as the gold standard treatment for the treatment of large kidney stones (> 2 cm). For nearly 40 years, with the continuous progress of technology and the constant updating of ideas, PCNL has made great progress. In this review, we discuss the current research progress, recent advancement and hot spot of the whole process of PCNL including anesthesia, position, puncture, dilation, lithotripsy approaches, perfusate, tube placement, hospitalization time, drug, treatment of residual stones, prognosis judgment and operation evaluation by summarizing the related research in this article.
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