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DNA barcoding of ancient parasites.

Jamie R Wood1

  • 1Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research,PO Box 69040,Lincoln,Canterbury 7640,New Zealand.

Parasitology
|March 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ancient DNA barcoding overcomes technical hurdles to recover parasite DNA from diverse samples. This research offers insights into prehistoric health, extinct species

Area of Science:

  • Paleoparasitology
  • Ancient DNA Analysis
  • Molecular Ecology

Background:

  • Ancient samples pose challenges for DNA barcoding due to degraded DNA (low copy number, short fragments).
  • Despite challenges, DNA barcoding successfully recovers parasite DNA from various ancient substrates like coprolites, sediments, and permafrost.
  • Studying ancient parasite DNA provides unique insights into past ecosystems and host-parasite interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of DNA barcoding for recovering parasite DNA from ancient specimens.
  • To highlight the scientific insights gained from ancient parasite DNA analysis.
  • To discuss the potential of DNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing for future ancient DNA studies.

Main Methods:

  • Application of DNA barcoding techniques to ancient samples.
Keywords:
HolocenePleistoceneancient DNAarchaeologyco-extinctionextinct speciesfossils

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  • Recovery of parasite DNA from diverse ancient substrates (coprolites, sediments, mummified tissues, permafrost).
  • Utilizing established and advanced molecular techniques for ancient DNA analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful recovery of parasite DNA from a wide range of ancient materials.
    • Demonstration of DNA barcoding's efficacy despite DNA damage and low copy numbers in ancient samples.
    • Identification of parasite communities in prehistoric populations and reconstruction of ancient parasite faunas.

    Conclusions:

    • Ancient DNA barcoding is a viable method for recovering parasite DNA, offering significant scientific value.
    • Insights into prehistoric health, host-parasite co-evolution, and responses to past environmental changes are achievable.
    • Future applications of DNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing hold great potential for understanding parasite co-extinction and ancient ecosystems.