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Hovering efficiency comparison of rotary and flapping flight for rigid rectangular wings via dimensionless

Yagiz Bayiz1, Mohammad Ghanaatpishe, Hosam Fathy

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America.

Bioinspiration & Biomimetics
|March 21, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimizes low Reynolds number hovering flight, comparing rigid revolving and flapping wings. Revolving wings excel at low lift coefficients, while flapping wings are better for high lift, revealing key trade-offs in aerodynamic efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Optimizing hovering flight at low Reynolds numbers is crucial for micro-aerial vehicles.
  • Understanding the efficiency trade-offs between revolving and flapping wings is essential for design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a multi-objective optimization framework for low Reynolds number hovering flight.
  • Compare the aerodynamic efficiency of rigid revolving and flapping wings under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-objective optimization framework was developed.
  • The framework generated Pareto fronts to analyze lift and power coefficients.
  • Efficiency was compared for revolving and flapping wings across different Reynolds and Rossby numbers.

Main Results:

  • Revolving wings are more efficient at low average lift coefficients (CL < 1 for Re=100, CL < 1.6 for Re=1000).
  • Flapping wings are more efficient for achieving higher lift coefficients.
  • Rotary flight is generally more efficient for maximizing dimensionless power loading at low Reynolds numbers (Re=100), while flapping flight is more efficient at higher Reynolds numbers (Re=1000).

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a clear trade-off between lift generation and power consumption for hovering flight.
  • Wing design choice (revolving vs. flapping) depends on the specific lift requirements and operating conditions.
  • Efficiency is weakly dependent on aspect ratio when maximizing dimensionless power loading for the studied configurations.