[Cryoglobulins and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis]

Cryoglobulinemia is defined as the presence of cryoglobulins in the blood. Cryoglobulinemia is often observed in the course of many diseases (infection, hematological disorders, autoimmune disorders) or has an idiopathic character. The classification of cryoglobulinemia is based on the immunological analysis of cryoglobulins and the activity of the rheumatoid factor (RF). The presence of cryoglobulins may induce cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) which manifests with skin changes, arthritis and the dysfunction of internal organs. Diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia refers to the detection of cryoprecipitate in the blood serum sample. In the treatment of cryoglobulinemia various groups of medications may be used: corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and rituximab. The purpose of the treatment is to reduce the production of cryoglobulins and the inflammation caused by their presence. Additionally, the treatment of organs complication is also crucial. If the viral infection is the causative agent of vasculitis, combination therapy will be recommended: antiviral and immunosuppressive therapy.