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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Combined Mechanical and Enzymatic Dissociation of Mouse Brain Hippocampal Tissue
Published on: October 21, 2021
Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis for brain tissue identification
Jarunya Samsuwan1, Tachapol Muangsub2, Pattamawadee Yanatatsaneejit3
1Sub Division of Forensic Biochemistry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Police General Hospital, Royal Thai Police, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Abstract:
According to the tissue-specific methylation database (doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.060), methylation at CpG locus cg03096975 in EML2 has been preliminarily proven to be specific to brain tissue. In this study, we enlarged sample size and developed a technique for identifying brain tissue in aged samples. Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis-for EML2 (COBRA-EML2) technique was established and validated in various organ samples obtained from 108 autopsies. In addition, this technique was also tested for its reliability, minimal DNA concentration detected, and use in aged samples and in samples obtained from specific brain compartments and spinal cord. COBRA-EML2 displayed 100% sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing brain tissue from other tissues, showed high reliability, was capable of detecting minimal DNA concentration (0.015ng/μl), could be used for identifying brain tissue in aged samples. In summary, COBRA-EML2 is a technique to identify brain tissue. This analysis is useful in criminal cases since it can identify the vital organ tissues from small samples acquired from criminal scenes. The results from this analysis can be counted as a medical and forensic marker supporting criminal investigations, and as one of the evidences in court rulings.
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