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Below the Mesophotic.

C C Baldwin1, L Tornabene2, D R Robertson3

  • 1Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA. baldwinc@si.edu.

Scientific Reports
|March 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered a new deep-reef fish zone, the rariphotic zone, below the mesophotic zone. This zone, from ~130-309m, hosts unique fish communities with evolutionary ties to shallower species.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Ecology
  • Ichthyology

Background:

  • Mesophotic coral ecosystems (~40-150m) are studied as potential refugia for shallow reef organisms.
  • Deeper reef ecosystems below mesophotic zones are underexplored, with limited data suggesting a direct transition to the deep sea.
  • Distinct reef-fish fauna inhabit mesophotic zones, alongside depth-generalist species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate reef-fish diversity in unexplored deep-reef ecosystems below the mesophotic zone.
  • To identify and characterize distinct faunal zones within tropical reef ecosystems.
  • To propose a new name for the reef-faunal zone situated between the mesophotic and deep aphotic zones.

Main Methods:

  • Submersible-based surveys were conducted in the Caribbean Sea.
  • Extensive database on reef-fish diversity was compiled for depths ranging from ~40m to 309m.
  • Taxonomic and evolutionary affinities of fish assemblages were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A unique reef-fish assemblage was identified between ~130m and 309m.
  • This assemblage, though taxonomically distinct, shows strong evolutionary links to shallower reef fish.
  • The data represent the most extensive database on tropical reef-fish diversity at such depths from a single location.

Conclusions:

  • The newly identified zone (~130-309m) is proposed to be named the "rariphotic zone."
  • The rariphotic zone, along with the altiphotic and mesophotic zones, represents a depth continuum of discrete reef-fish faunal zones.
  • These findings highlight the need for further research into deep reef ecosystems, especially in light of shallow reef degradation.