Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026
05:37
Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model
Published on: October 1, 2007
37.9K
DJ-1 in Ocular Diseases: A Review
Cong Liu1, Xiufen Liu1, Jing Qi1
1Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.
International Journal of Medical Sciences
|March 22, 2018
Summary
The protein DJ-1 (Parkinson disease protein 7) protects cells from oxidative stress. This review explores DJ-1
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Molecular Biology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- DJ-1 (PARK7) is a redox-sensitive protein acting as a cellular protector against oxidative stress.
- Emerging evidence suggests DJ-1's involvement in various ocular diseases.
- A comprehensive overview of DJ-1's role in eye conditions is currently lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted roles of DJ-1 in ocular diseases.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying DJ-1's function in the eye.
- To highlight DJ-1 as a potential therapeutic target for eye conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating DJ-1 in ocular diseases.
- Analysis of molecular pathways involving DJ-1 and oxidative stress in ocular tissues.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on DJ-1's involvement in specific eye conditions.
Main Results:
- DJ-1 plays a protective role in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).
- DJ-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
- DJ-1 influences the development of cataracts and ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
Conclusions:
- DJ-1 is a critical player in maintaining ocular health by combating oxidative stress.
- Understanding DJ-1's mechanisms in eye diseases offers new therapeutic avenues.
- DJ-1 represents a promising therapeutic target for treating a range of ocular disorders.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Review and Preview
8.4K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
01:13Review and Preview
11.6K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.6K
02:15SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry
10.4K
This lesson provides an in-depth discussion of the stereochemical outcomes in an SN1 reaction.
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...
10.4K
02:05SN1 Reaction: Kinetics
9.7K
In an SN2 reaction, the reaction rate depends on both the type of nucleophile and the substrate. A hindered tertiary alkyl halide is practically inert to the SN2 mechanism despite using a strong nucleophile.
However, Sir Christopher Ingold and Edward D. Hughes, who studied the kinetics of various nucleophilic substitution reactions, noticed that a tertiary alkyl halide does undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction in the presence of a weak nucleophile. While studying the substitution...
However, Sir Christopher Ingold and Edward D. Hughes, who studied the kinetics of various nucleophilic substitution reactions, noticed that a tertiary alkyl halide does undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction in the presence of a weak nucleophile. While studying the substitution...
9.7K
02:25SN1 Reaction: Mechanism
14.4K
Kinetic studies of ionization of a tertiary halide in a protic solvent suggest that only the substrate participates in the rate-determining step (slow step). The nucleophile is involved only after the slowest step. The SN1 reaction takes place in a multiple-step mechanism.
Firstly, the haloalkane ionizes to generate a carbocation intermediate and a halide ion. This heterolytic cleavage is highly endothermic with large activation energy. The ionization of the substrate, facilitated by a...
Firstly, the haloalkane ionizes to generate a carbocation intermediate and a halide ion. This heterolytic cleavage is highly endothermic with large activation energy. The ionization of the substrate, facilitated by a...
14.4K
02:42Acidity of 1-Alkynes
11.3K
The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
11.3K