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Plant Hormones

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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Transmitting Plant Viruses Using Whiteflies

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Published on: November 8, 2013

Plant Vacuoles.

Tomoo Shimada¹, Junpei Takagi^1,2,3, Takuji Ichino^1,4

¹Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;

Annual Review of Plant Biology

|March 22, 2018

Summary

Plant vacuoles serve diverse roles, from degradation in vegetative tissues to storage in seeds. Their membrane dynamics are crucial for plant defense against pathogens and herbivores.

Keywords:

Golgi-independent pathway VPE VSR lytic vacuole metabolite storage vacuole protein storage vacuole vacuolar defense vacuolar processing enzyme vacuolar sorting receptor

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Cellular Biology

Background:

Plant vacuoles are versatile organelles with distinct functions in different cell types.
Lytic vacuoles in vegetative tissues are involved in degradation, while seed cells contain protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) and metabolite storage vacuoles.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted roles of plant vacuoles.
To explore vacuolar transport pathways and processing mechanisms.
To summarize vacuolar membrane dynamics during plant defense.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research on plant vacuoles.

Main Results:

Vacuolar proteins and metabolites are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported via Golgi-dependent/independent pathways.
Vacuolar processing enzymes convert precursors to mature forms and regulate programmed cell death.
Vacuolar membrane dynamics include collapse against viruses and fusion with plasma membranes against bacteria.

Conclusions:

Plant vacuoles are central to cellular degradation, storage, and defense mechanisms.
Vacuolar membrane dynamics are critical for plant immunity against diverse pathogens.
Protein storage vacuoles contribute to chemical defense against herbivores.