Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

16.8K

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Rupert W Major1,2, Mark R I Cheng3, Robert A Grant3

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.

Plos One
|March 22, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients face higher cardiovascular risks. New models should include factors like left ventricular hypertrophy, albumin, phosphate, urate, and hemoglobin for better risk prediction in CKD.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Current CVD risk models may be inaccurate for CKD patients due to complex risk factor interactions.
  • Identifying specific risk factors for CKD is crucial for accurate CVD prognostication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and identify routinely collected risk factors for developing a CKD-specific cardiovascular prognostic model.
  • To determine which risk factors are most relevant for predicting fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in individuals with non-endstage CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.
  • Searches of MEDLINE and Embase databases using a registered protocol (PROSPERO ID-2016:CRD42016036187).
  • Inclusion of studies with individuals aged ≥18 years with non-endstage CKD, extracting routinely collected risk factors adjusted for established CVD risk factors.

Main Results:

  • A review of 3,232 abstracts identified 29 routinely collected risk factors, with 20 appearing in multiple cohorts.
  • Data from 21 cohorts involving 27,465 individuals and 100,838 person-years were analyzed.
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy, serum albumin, phosphate, urate, and hemoglobin were statistically significant predictors of future cardiovascular events in CKD patients, beyond traditional risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Non-traditional risk factors identified in this review are crucial for improving CVD risk assessment in CKD.
  • Future cardiovascular prognostic models for CKD should incorporate these significant non-traditional factors.
  • Accurate risk stratification is essential for managing cardiovascular complications in the growing CKD population.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies10:11

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Published on: October 22, 2014

19.7K
Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis07:51

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

8.1K

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
766
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
683
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
485
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
413
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
582
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
2.6K