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Related Concept Videos

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
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Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

The Behavioral Perspective on Personality

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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
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Anti-Angiogenics: Current Situation and Future Perspectives.

Katja Zirlik, Justus Duyster

    Oncology Research and Treatment
    |March 22, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Anti-angiogenic therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are approved for cancers. However, their effectiveness varies, prompting a review of current VEGF-targeted drugs and future directions.

    Keywords:
    AngiogenesisAnti-angiogenicsMonoclonal antibodiesTyrosine kinase inhibitorsVEGF

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is crucial for tumor growth.
    • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) drives angiogenesis and is overexpressed in many cancers.
    • VEGF signaling blockade is a strategy for anti-angiogenic cancer therapy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review FDA-approved anti-angiogenic antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF.
    • To summarize the progress and future directions of VEGF-targeted cancer therapy.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on VEGF-targeted therapies.
    • Analysis of FDA-approved anti-angiogenic drugs (antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors).

    Main Results:

    • 11 anti-VEGF drugs are approved for advanced cancers, used alone or with other treatments.
    • VEGF inhibition shows variable efficacy across different cancer types.
    • Anti-angiogenic therapies often have limited impact on overall patient survival.

    Conclusions:

    • VEGF-targeted therapies represent a significant advancement in cancer treatment.
    • Further research is needed to overcome resistance and improve outcomes with anti-angiogenic drugs.
    • Future directions include optimizing combination therapies and exploring novel therapeutic strategies.