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[Legionnaires' Disease Update].

Hiroshi Miyamoto1

  • 1Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.

Rinsho Biseibutsu Jinsoku Shindan Kenkyukai Shi = JARMAM : Journal of the Association for Rapid Method and Automation in Microbiology
|March 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
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Legionella pneumophila causes Legionnaires' disease, a type of pneumonia. This review details the bacteria's characteristics, environmental habits, infection routes, symptoms, diagnosis, and outbreaks in Japan.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Legionella pneumophila, the agent of Legionnaires' disease, was identified in 1977 after a pneumonia outbreak in Philadelphia.
  • Currently, 59 Legionella species and 80 serogroups are known, with 26 identified as pathogenic to humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Legionella species.
  • To detail their microbiological features, environmental behavior, and transmission pathways.
  • To summarize clinical aspects of Legionnaires' disease, including diagnosis and outbreaks in Japan.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Legionella.
  • Analysis of microbiological characteristics.
  • Review of environmental factors and infection epidemiology.

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Main Results:

  • Legionella are Gram-negative bacteria found in aquatic environments.
  • Transmission occurs through inhalation of contaminated aerosols.
  • Legionnaires' disease presents as acute pneumonia with varied symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding Legionella's ecology and pathogenicity is crucial for disease prevention.
  • Environmental monitoring and control measures are essential to mitigate Legionnaires' disease risks.
  • This review offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals and researchers in Japan and globally.