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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
Published on: June 10, 2013
Hemicrania continua: Case series presenting in an orofacial pain clinic
Iryna Hryvenko1, Andrés R Cervantes-Chavarría1, Alan S Law2,3
11 Division of TMD & Orofacial Pain, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Insights
Hemicrania continua (HC) is rare, often presenting as facial pain in orofacial clinics. Effective management requires addressing comorbid conditions and using a multimodal treatment approach for sustained headache control.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Orofacial Pain Management
- Headache Disorders
Background:
- Hemicrania continua (HC) is an uncommon primary headache disorder.
- Characteristics and management of HC patients in orofacial pain settings are not well-understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical features of HC patients managed in an orofacial pain setting.
- To investigate comorbidities and treatment outcomes for HC.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of patient records from 2015-2017.
- Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of HC and confirmation at follow-up.
Main Results:
- Six HC patients (all female, mean age 55) met criteria.
- Headache involved trigeminal nerve branches (V1, V2, V3) with lacrimation and photophobia.
- All patients had temporomandibular disorder (TMD); indomethacin provided relief in some cases.
Conclusions:
- HC patients in orofacial pain clinics often have comorbid pain conditions.
- Varied symptom presentation necessitates a multimodal treatment strategy for successful management.
Aim Of Investigation:
Hemicrania continua (HC) is an uncommon primary headache and little is known of the characteristics of such patients managed in an orofacial pain setting. This study provides clinical features of HC, its association with other disorders, and treatment outcomes of patients managed in the TMD and Orofacial Pain Clinic at the University of Minnesota.
Methods:
A retrospective review of patient records was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of HC and confirmation at follow-up.
Results:
Six of the 1617 new patients seen between 2015 and 2017 met the selection criteria. Four patients presented with "facial pain", one with "toothache" and one with "jaw pain". All were female with mean age 55 ± 10.5 years (range = 41-69). Headache characteristics included unilateral (R:L = 1:1) pain of moderate intensity with severe exacerbations in the distribution of V1 (1/6), V1 + V2 (3/6) and V1 + V2 + V3 (2/6). Lacrimation and photophobia were the most common associated symptoms. Patient presentations were complicated by multiple medical and comorbid diagnoses. All were diagnosed with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Indomethacin alone was sufficient for adequate headache control in 2/6 patients with several add-on medications providing sustained pain relief.
Conclusions:
Comorbid pain conditions can be expected in patients with HC presenting to orofacial pain clinics. Symptom presentation varies, and multimodal treatment approach is necessary for success.
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