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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...

iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

Cell-surface Signaling

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.

What are Cells?

What are Cells?

Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Published on: June 24, 2014

iPS Cells-The Triumphs and Tribulations.

Riddhi Sharma¹

¹Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK. riddhi.sharma@kcl.ac.uk.

Dentistry Journal

|March 23, 2018

Summary

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer revolutionary potential for regenerative medicine and dentistry. Despite challenges, iPSC technology is paving the way for new patient-specific therapies and disease modeling.

Keywords:

clinical trials dental stem cells human induced pluripotent stem cells iPS cells pluripotency regeneration regenerative dentistry regenerative medicine stem cells therapeutic potential

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Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model

Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model

Published on: September 6, 2014

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

Published on: October 28, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Published on: June 24, 2014

Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model

Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model

Published on: September 6, 2014

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

Published on: October 28, 2014

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Regenerative medicine
Regenerative dentistry

Background:

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated in 2006 from mouse fibroblasts.
Human iPSCs (hiPSCs) were subsequently created using four key genes (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc).
iPSCs possess pluripotency and self-renewal capabilities, similar to hESCs, with potential to overcome immune rejection.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the successful application of iPSCs in regenerative dentistry and medicine.
To discuss the challenges and pitfalls in iPSC generation and clinical translation.
To explore the future implications of iPSCs in regenerative dentistry.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on iPSC generation and applications.
Discussion of therapeutic potential and clinical translation hurdles.
Analysis of iPSC technology's role in advancing regenerative fields.

Main Results:

iPSCs enable patient-specific drug screening, disease modeling, immunotherapy, and regenerative therapies.
The technology has laid the foundation for regenerative dentistry and medicine.
Significant challenges remain in iPSC generation efficiency, safety, and clinical application.

Conclusions:

iPSCs hold immense promise for personalized medicine and regenerative therapies.
Overcoming current limitations is crucial for successful clinical translation.
The future of regenerative dentistry is significantly influenced by iPSC advancements.