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Vanillic acid changed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling rhizosphere total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus
Xingang Zhou1,2, Fengzhi Wu3,4
1Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Abstract:
Soil microorganisms are key drivers of plant productivity in terrestrial ecosystems, yet controls on their diversities and abundances are not fully elucidated. Phenolic acids, released through plant root exudation and residues decomposition, are usually referred as autotoxins of several crops, including cucumber. In this study, effects of vanillic acid (VA) on cucumber rhizosphere microbial communities were investigated by treating cucumber seedlings with VA every two days for five times. Amplicon sequencing, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR were used to analyzed the 16S rRNA genes of total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. communities. Results showed that VA at 0.05 μmol g-1 soil changed total bacterial community diversity and composition. In particular, VA inhibited the relative abundances of genera with plant-beneficial potentials, such as Bacillus and Lysobacter spp. Moreover, VA changed Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. community compositions by altering the number and/or relative abundances of their OTUs; and decreased Bacillus spp. community abundance at 0.02 to 0.2 μmol g-1 soil and Pseudomonas spp. community abundance at 0.2 μmol g-1 soil. Overall, VA changed cucumber seedling rhizosphere total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. communities, which maybe be associated with the adverse effects of VA on cucumber growth under soil conditions.
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Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
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Net Change Theorem

