An infant presenting with Kawasaki disease following immunization for influenza: A case report

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Immunology
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis of unknown cause.
• Vaccinations are being investigated as potential triggers for KD.
• Vasculitis has been documented as a rare adverse event post-vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of KD following influenza vaccination in an infant.
• To review existing literature on post-vaccination vasculitis and KD.
• To explore the potential causal association between influenza vaccination and KD.

Main Methods:

• Case report of an 18-month-old infant diagnosed with KD 24 hours after influenza immunization.
• Clinical presentation included fever, rash, and conjunctivitis.
• Literature review of studies on vaccine-associated vasculitis.

Main Results:

• The infant presented with classic KD symptoms after influenza vaccination.
• This is the first reported case of post-influenza vaccination KD in Korea.
• Existing literature shows limited but reported instances of KD post-vaccination.

Conclusions:

• Influenza vaccination may be a potential trigger for Kawasaki disease in susceptible individuals.
• Further investigation is warranted to understand the relationship between vaccines and KD.
• This case contributes to the understanding of rare vaccine adverse events in pediatric populations.