Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

54.5K
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
54.5K
What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

14.5K
Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...
14.5K
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

8.2K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
8.2K
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

10.2K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
10.2K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

1.1K
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
1.1K
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

6.0K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
6.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phytonutrient-Enriched Prebiotic Mixture Primes the Gut Environment to Enhance Probiotic Efficacy: Ex Vivo Screening and a Human Clinical Trial.

Biology·2026
Same author

Effects of Probiotic-Phytonutrient Blends on Defecation, Intestinal Barrier Function, and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Emphysema severity-associated gut microbiota modulates smoke-induced emphysema: evidence from fecal microbiota transplantation.

Respiratory research·2026
Same author

The NCCN 2026 Annual Conference.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of Doxycycline versus Macrolides for <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> INfectiOn in Children (DOMINO): a protocol for a multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

CLO26-074: A Phase I Study of Safety and Immunogenicity of Survivin Long Peptide Vaccine (SurVaxM) in Patients with Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs).

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.6K

Immunomodulation in hepatocellular cancer.

Sunyoung Lee1,2, Matthew Loecher2, Renuka Iyer1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
|March 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a growing cancer that uses immune suppression to survive. New immunotherapies and combination treatments show promise for improving survival in advanced HCC patients.

Keywords:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)immune checkpoint inhibitorimmunomodulationsorafenib

More Related Videos

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

10.2K
Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
09:07

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

Published on: June 24, 2025

568

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.6K
Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

10.2K
Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
09:07

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

Published on: June 24, 2025

568

Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary cancers
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits increasing mortality rates in the US.
  • HCC thrives by exploiting a complex immunosuppressive network within the liver.
  • Existing treatments like sorafenib have limitations in improving survival for advanced HCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunosuppressive mechanisms in HCC.
  • To summarize recent advancements in HCC immunotherapy.
  • To explore combinatorial treatment strategies for advanced HCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HCC immunology and treatment.
  • Analysis of data from clinical trials on immunotherapies and combination therapies.
  • Synthesis of information on liver-directed therapies and their integration with immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Sorafenib, while a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also possesses immunomodulatory effects.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a promising avenue for enhancing HCC treatment.
  • Combinatorial approaches integrating immunotherapy with liver-directed therapies (TACE, RFA, MWA, cryoablation) are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HCC's immunosuppressive microenvironment is crucial for developing effective therapies.
  • Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, offers new hope for advanced HCC.
  • Combination strategies combining immunotherapy with local therapies may overcome treatment resistance and improve patient outcomes.