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Minimally invasive total knee replacement: techniques and results.

Frederic Picard1,2, Angela Deakin3,4, Navin Balasubramanian5

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European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology : Orthopedie Traumatologie
|March 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for total knee replacement (TKR) offers potential benefits for selected patients. However, current evidence on safety and efficacy is insufficient, requiring further research and careful patient selection.

Keywords:
Less invasive surgeryMinimally invasive surgeryTotal knee arthroplastyTotal knee replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common procedure for end-stage knee arthritis.
  • Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches aim to reduce surgical trauma and improve patient recovery.
  • Various MIS techniques for TKR have been developed, each with distinct characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the definition and approaches of MIS in TKR.
  • To assess current evidence on the safety and efficacy of MIS TKR.
  • To identify limitations and patient selection criteria for MIS TKR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MIS TKR definitions, approaches, and recent studies.
  • Analysis of potential limitations and risks associated with MIS TKR.
  • Examination of existing evidence regarding patient selection and surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Mini-medial parapatellar approach is easier to learn and perform compared to mini-subvastus and mini-midvastus.
  • Mini-subvastus and mini-midvastus approaches carry higher risks of hematoma and nerve damage.
  • Current evidence is inadequate to fully support widespread MIS TKR without further research and consent protocols.

Conclusions:

  • MIS TKR is feasible for carefully selected patients, but approach differences exist.
  • Surgeons should exercise caution and consider advanced tools when transitioning to MIS TKR.
  • More long-term data is needed to establish the definitive benefits and safety of MIS TKR.