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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
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Genome Editing During Development Using the CRISPR-Cas Technology.

Rodrigo G Arzate-Mejía1, Paula Licona-Limón2, Félix Recillas-Targa3

  • 1Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9 revolutionizes developmental biology. This powerful tool accelerates the understanding of gene function in embryonic development and disease modeling.

Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas6ChromatinDNA repairDevelopmentDiseaseESCGenome editingTALENZFNiPSC

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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gene function studies historically relied on complex transgenic strategies.
  • These traditional methods were often time-consuming, costly, and infrastructure-intensive.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has emerged as a transformative technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the application of CRISPR-Cas9 in understanding embryonic development.
  • To showcase how CRISPR-Cas9 aids in generating genetically modified and disease models.
  • To illustrate novel experimental strategies enabled by CRISPR-Cas9.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the CRISPR-Cas9 RNA-guided DNA endonuclease system.
  • Applying genome editing for manipulating diverse organisms and cell types.
  • Designing novel experimental strategies for developmental studies.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 significantly advances the manipulation of genetic material.
  • The system facilitates the creation of sophisticated animal and disease models.
  • New insights into developmental mechanisms are being uncovered.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful and versatile tool for developmental biology research.
  • It streamlines the study of gene function during embryonic development.
  • The technology is crucial for advancing disease modeling and therapeutic strategies.