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Outer-Sphere Control of Catalysis on Surfaces: A Comparative Study of Ti(IV) Single-Sites Grafted on Amorphous versus
Nicolás A Grosso-Giordano1, Christian Schroeder2, Alexander Okrut1
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.
Abstract:
The effect of outer-sphere environment on alkene epoxidation catalysis using an organic hydroperoxide oxidant is demonstrated for calix[4]arene-TiIV single-sites grafted on amorphous vs crystalline delaminated zeotype (UCB-4) silicates as supports. A chelating calix[4]arene macrocyclic ligand helps enforce a constant TiIV inner-sphere, as characterized by UV-visible and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, thus enabling the rigorous comparison of outer-sphere environments across different siliceous supports. These outer-sphere environments are characterized by solid-state 1H NMR spectroscopy to comprise proximally organized silanols confined within 12 membered-ring cups in crystalline UCB-4, and are responsible for up to 5-fold enhancements in rates of epoxidation by TiIV centers.
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