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Blood coagulation abnormalities in multibacillary leprosy patients
Débora Santos da Silva1, Lisandra Antonia Castro Teixeira2, Daniela Gois Beghini3
1Lab. of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|March 23, 2018
Summary
Leprosy patients exhibit a procoagulant state, with a unique "leprosum clot" linked to increased tissue factor and von Willebrand factor. This finding may lead to new biomarkers for early leprosy reaction diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Leprosy is a chronic dermato-neurological disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
- It is a leading cause of irreversible deformities and disabilities globally.
- Over 200,000 new cases were detected in 2016.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate coagulation abnormalities in leprosy patients.
- To identify potential biomarkers for leprosy reactions.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 638 leprosy patients.
- Identification and characterization of the 'leprosum clot'.
- Analysis of plasma levels of soluble tissue factor, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, and specific proteins using chromatography and proteomics.
Main Results:
- A 'leprosum clot' was observed in 5.48% of leprosy patients, particularly those with lepromatous leprosy.
- The leprosum clot correlated with elevated soluble tissue factor and von Willebrand factor.
- Proteomic analysis revealed complement components (C3, C4) and IHRP unique to leprosy patient clots.
Conclusions:
- Multibacillary leprosy patients develop a procoagulant status.
- Elevated fibrinogen, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, von Willebrand factor, and soluble tissue factor contribute to this status.
- Fibrinogen and other components show potential as predictive biomarkers for leprosy reactions, aiding early diagnosis and treatment.
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