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Related Concept Videos

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...

Point and Frameshift Mutations

Point and Frameshift Mutations

Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

Published on: November 28, 2019

accuMUlate: a mutation caller designed for mutation accumulation experiments.

David J Winter^1,2, Steven H Wu^1,3, Abigail A Howell^1,4

¹The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

|March 23, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed accuMUlate, a new software tool for identifying mutations from mutation accumulation (MA) lines. This probabilistic caller aids in studying mutation rates and spectra, enhancing our understanding of mutation

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Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

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Published on: November 28, 2019

The Lambda Select cII Mutation Detection System

The Lambda Select cII Mutation Detection System

Published on: April 26, 2018

Quantification of Colonic Stem Cell Mutations

Quantification of Colonic Stem Cell Mutations

Published on: September 25, 2015

Area of Science:

Evolutionary Biology
Genomics
Bioinformatics

Background:

Mutation accumulation (MA) experiments are crucial for directly studying the effects of spontaneous mutations.
Whole-genome sequencing of MA lines allows for detailed analysis of mutation rates and molecular spectra.
Existing software is not specifically designed for mutation identification in MA experimental setups.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce accuMUlate, a novel probabilistic software tool tailored for mutation identification in MA lines.
To provide a flexible tool that accommodates the specific design of MA experiments.
To facilitate research on mutation rates, spectra, and their contribution to biological processes.

Main Methods:

Development of a probabilistic mutation caller named accuMUlate.
The software is designed to reflect typical MA experimental designs.
Flexibility to adapt to unique properties of individual MA experiments.

Main Results:

accuMUlate enables direct identification of mutations from whole-genome sequencing data of MA lines.
The tool provides a robust method for analyzing mutation rates and molecular spectra.
It supports researchers in understanding the role of mutation in biological evolution and processes.

Conclusions:

accuMUlate addresses the current gap in specialized software for MA studies.
The tool enhances the ability to accurately quantify mutation parameters.
Facilitates deeper insights into the evolutionary impact of mutations.