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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Reducing waste in pediatric clinical research.

Behrouz Kassai1, Faustine Glais1, Guillaume Grenet1

  • 1Department of pharmacotoxicology, clinical investigation centre 1407, Inserm, hospices civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France; UMR5558 CNRS, laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive, université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.

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Research waste remains high in pediatric studies despite calls for improvement. New methods are urgently needed to enhance research quality and efficiency in this critical field.

Keywords:
ChildrenPriorityQualityWaste

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Pediatric Research
  • Research Waste Reduction

Background:

  • Lancet articles in 2014 highlighted the need to reduce research waste.
  • A subsequent survey revealed minimal impact on research practices.
  • Waste in research production remains a significant concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the stages of research production that contribute to waste.
  • To assess the extent of waste in pediatric research.
  • To propose strategies for improving research quality and limiting waste.

Main Methods:

  • Review of four key stages in research production identified by Moher et al.
  • Analysis of waste generation across these stages in the context of pediatric research.
  • Assessment of current research practices in light of previous recommendations.

Main Results:

  • All four reviewed stages of research production generate significant waste.
  • Waste is prevalent in pediatric research, affecting relevance, design, analysis, accessibility, reporting, and management.
  • Existing recommendations have not effectively curbed research waste.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric research is significantly impacted by inefficiencies and waste.
  • Methods to improve research quality and reduce waste are essential.
  • Authorities must prioritize the implementation of these improvements in pediatric research.