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Related Concept Videos

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

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Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
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A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
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A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
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Can three-dimensional pelvimetry using low-dose stereoradiography replace low-dose CT pelvimetry?

S Aubry1, P Padoin2, Y Petegnief3

  • 1Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, CHRU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; Nanomedecine Laboratory, INSERM EA4662, University of Franche-Comte, 25000 Besançon, France.

Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging
|March 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Stereoradiographic imaging (SRI) provides reliable pelvic measurements and significantly reduces maternal and fetal radiation doses compared to computed tomography (CT) pelvimetry.

Keywords:
Computed tomography (CT)Low-dose stereoradiographic imagingPelvimetryRadiation dose evaluationTechnology assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Pelvimetry is crucial for assessing pelvic dimensions in pregnancy.
  • Computed tomography (CT) pelvimetry offers detailed measurements but involves significant radiation exposure.
  • Low-dose stereoradiographic imaging (SRI) is an alternative imaging technique for pelvimetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability of pelvimetric measurements using SRI.
  • To compare maternal and fetal radiation doses between SRI and low-dose CT pelvimetry.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-five pregnant women underwent simultaneous low-dose SRI and low-dose CT pelvimetry.
  • Pelvimetry measurements were obtained from both imaging modalities.
  • Radiation doses were recorded and compared between SRI and CT.

Main Results:

  • SRI demonstrated strong correlation with CT for key pelvic inlet diameters (r=0.90–0.92).
  • Moderate correlation was observed for pelvic outlet measurements (r=0.6).
  • Fetal radiation dose was 13.1 times lower with SRI; maternal effective dose was 3.1 times lower.

Conclusions:

  • SRI is a reliable method for pelvic inlet measurements.
  • SRI significantly reduces radiation exposure for both mother and fetus compared to CT.
  • SRI should be considered the primary imaging approach for pelvimetry.