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Cerebellar Growth Impairment Characterizes School-Aged Children Born Preterm without Perinatal Brain Lesions

K Pieterman1, T J White2,3, G E van den Bosch4

  • 1From the Departments of Radiology and Medical Informatics (K.P., W.J.N.), Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|March 24, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Preterm birth without brain lesions impacts long-term neurodevelopment, particularly the cerebellum. This study quantifies these effects, highlighting the cerebellum

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Preterm birth often leads to brain lesions affecting neurodevelopment.
  • The impact of preterm birth on brain development without lesions needs further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the long-term effects of preterm birth on brain development in children without perinatal brain lesions.
  • To investigate the relationship between gestational age at birth and brain structure in school-aged children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized neonatal cranial sonography and follow-up T1-weighted MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  • Evaluated cerebellar and cerebral anatomic characteristics in school-aged children (6-12 years).
  • Compared a cohort of preterm (36) and term-born (66) infants.

Main Results:

  • Preterm birth was associated with reduced cerebellar white matter volume and altered fractional anisotropy in school-aged children.
  • Cerebellar gray and white matter surface area were reduced in relation to gestational age at birth.
  • No significant relations were observed for cerebral cortex volume, surface area, or diffusion metrics.

Conclusions:

  • Perinatal factors, even without neurological lesions, can disrupt long-term neurodevelopment, especially cerebellar development.
  • The cerebellum is a critical target for future neuroprotective strategies in preterm infants.
Abstract

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