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Area of Science:

  • Marine pollution
  • Oceanography
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Ocean plastic pollution is a persistent global issue, with accumulation zones forming in remote oceanic regions.
  • The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is a major accumulation zone located in subtropical waters between California and Hawaii.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and quantify the extent of plastic pollution within the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
  • To compare current plastic mass estimates with previous reports and identify contributing factors to discrepancies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from multi-vessel and aircraft surveys to calibrate a predictive model.
  • Employed robust methods for quantifying larger plastic debris to improve accuracy.
  • Analyzed the characteristics of collected plastic debris to understand persistence and accumulation.

Main Results:

  • The GPGP contains an estimated 79 thousand tonnes of plastic across 1.6 million km², significantly higher than prior estimates.
  • Over 75% of the plastic mass consists of debris larger than 5 cm, with fishing nets accounting for at least 46%.
  • Microplastics constitute 8% of the total mass but 94% of the estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic.

Conclusions:

  • The GPGP's plastic mass is substantially underestimated by previous studies, largely due to methodology for larger debris.
  • Fishing gear represents a significant component of the GPGP's plastic mass.
  • Ocean plastic pollution in the GPGP is increasing exponentially, at a faster rate than in surrounding waters.