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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
Published on: September 5, 2019
Comparative study of afterpulsing behavior and models in single photon counting avalanche photo diode detectors
Abdul Waris Ziarkash1, Siddarth Koduru Joshi2, Mario Stipčević3
1Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Abstract:
Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors, have a great importance in fields like quantum key distribution, laser ranging, florescence microscopy, etc. Afterpulsing is a non-ideal behavior of SPADs that adversely affects any application that measures the number or timing of detection events. Several studies based on a few individual detectors, derived distinct mathematical models from semiconductor physics perspectives. With a consistent testing procedure and statistically large data sets, we show that different individual detectors - even if identical in type, make, brand, etc. - behave according to fundamentally different mathematical models. Thus, every detector must be characterized individually and it is wrong to draw universal conclusions about the physical meaning behind these models. We also report the presence of high-order afterpulses that are not accounted for in any of the standard models.
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