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Cytotoxic Compounds from Wrightia pubescens (R.Br.).

Mariquit M De Los Reyes1,2, Glenn G Oyong2,3, Vincent Antonio S Ng4

  • 1Biology Department, De La Salle University Laguna Campus, Biñan City, Laguna 4024, Philippines.

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|March 24, 2018
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Summary

Compounds isolated from Wrightia pubescens leaves and twigs show varying cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell lines. Chlorophyll a (4) and mixtures of ursolic acid (1) and oleanolic acid (2) were most effective against HT-29 colon cancer cells.

Keywords:
ApocynaceaeHCT-116HDFnHT-29MCF-7PrestoBlue® cell viability assayWrightia pubescens R. Brownchlorophyll acytotoxicityhalf maximal inhibitory concentrationoleanolic acidsqualeneursolic acidwrightiadioneα-amyrin acetate

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Phytochemical analysis of Wrightia pubescens (R.Br.) leaves and twigs yielded ursolic acid (1), oleanolic acid (2), squalene (3), chlorophyll a (4), wrightiadione (5), and α-amyrin acetate (6).
  • These compounds were isolated from dichloromethane extracts, forming mixtures of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cytotoxic potential of isolated compounds (1-6) and their mixtures.
  • To assess antiproliferative activities against human cancer cell lines and a normal cell line.

Main Methods:

  • Compounds 1-6 and their mixtures were tested for antiproliferative activity.
  • The PrestoBlue® cell viability assay was employed.
  • Cytotoxicity was evaluated against breast (MCF-7) and colon (HT-29, HCT-116) cancer cell lines, and normal human dermal fibroblast neonatal (HDFn) cells.

Main Results:

  • Chlorophyll a (4) demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells (IC50 = 0.68 μg/mL), followed by a 1:2 mixture of ursolic acid (1) and oleanolic acid (2) (IC50 = 0.74 μg/mL).
  • Oleanolic acid (2) showed significant cytotoxicity against HT-29 (IC50 = 0.89 μg/mL) and HCT-116 (IC50 = 2.33 μg/mL) cells.
  • α-Amyrin acetate (6) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cells (IC50 = 4.07 μg/mL).
  • All tested compounds displayed varying levels of cytotoxicity against HDFn cells (IC50 < 30 μg/mL).

Conclusions:

  • The isolated compounds and mixtures from Wrightia pubescens extracts exhibit diverse cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines.
  • HT-29 cells were most sensitive to the majority of the tested compounds, while HCT-116 cells showed the highest sensitivity to α-amyrin acetate (6).
  • The study highlights the potential of these natural compounds in cancer research, with differential activity observed across cell lines, including normal cells.