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HIV-associated cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment in a Thai cohort on long-term cART

Tanya C Do1, Stephen J Kerr1, Anchalee Avihingsanon1

  • 1HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.

Journal of Virus Eradication
|March 24, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment in well-suppressed HIV-positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) were primarily linked to non-HIV factors like age and income, not the virus itself.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Assesses cognitive function and psychomotor impairment in HIV-positive individuals on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in an Asian resource-limited setting.
  • Compares cognitive performance and psychomotor function between 329 HIV-positive and 510 HIV-negative participants.

Discussion:

  • Inferior cognitive performance was observed in HIV-positive participants across multiple tests (P<0.001).
  • Psychomotor impairment was prevalent (43%) in the HIV-positive cohort, particularly in tests other than the non-dominant Grooved Pegboard (P<0.02).
  • Factors independently associated with poorer cognitive performance included increasing age and lower income.

Key Insights:

  • Despite viral suppression (>90% with plasma HIV RNA <40 copies/mL) on long-term cART, HIV-positive individuals exhibited significantly poorer cognitive performance compared to HIV-negative controls.
  • Psychomotor impairment was common, associated with male gender and lower income.
  • Non-HIV-related factors, such as age and socioeconomic status, were the primary drivers of cognitive deficits and psychomotor impairment in this cohort.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to explore the impact of non-HIV-related factors on long-term cognitive health in aging HIV populations.
  • Interventions targeting socioeconomic factors may be crucial for improving cognitive outcomes in individuals with HIV.
  • Longitudinal studies can elucidate the progression of cognitive and psychomotor changes over time in resource-limited settings.
Abstract

Keywords:
cognitive performance, psychomotor impairment, Asia, HIV-infection, HAND

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