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Updated: Feb 12, 2026
In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
Published on: August 23, 2019
[Systemic immune checkpoint inhibition : A promising treatment for urological tumors?]
F C Roos1, C Becker2, M B Stope3
1Klinik für Urologie des Universitätsklinikums, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland.
Abstract:
Improved understanding of the immunomodulatory interactions between tumor cells and immune cells has led to new and promising systemic therapeutic approaches in the first- and second-line therapy of urological tumors. Particularly in the case of urothelial carcinoma, for the first time in 20 years, checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors) provide well-tolerated therapy that achieves response rates of >20% that can be sustained over the long term. This review explains the approach of immunotherapy and summarizes the current phase III clinical situation on urothelial carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. The current immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer are discussed. Finally, we highlight new immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches in basic research.
Insights
Immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors), offers new, well-tolerated systemic treatments for urological tumors like urothelial carcinoma, with sustained response rates over 20%. This review covers current and emerging immunotherapies for various urological cancers.
Area of Science:
- Uro-oncology
- Immunology
- Medical Oncology
Background:
- Advances in understanding tumor-immune cell interactions drive novel systemic therapies for urological malignancies.
- Immunotherapy, specifically programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, represents a significant therapeutic breakthrough for urothelial carcinoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the principles of cancer immunotherapy.
- To summarize the current clinical landscape of immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma.
- To discuss immunomodulatory strategies for prostate cancer and emerging approaches in basic research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of phase III clinical trials.
- Analysis of current immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches.
- Exploration of basic research in novel immunotherapies.
Main Results:
- Checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors) offer well-tolerated, durable responses (>20%) in urothelial carcinoma, marking a significant advancement.
- Immunotherapy is a key component in the first- and second-line treatment of several urological tumors.
- Current research is exploring novel immunomodulatory strategies for prostate cancer and other urological cancers.
Conclusions:
- Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of urological cancers, offering new hope for patients.
- Continued research into immunotherapy is crucial for developing more effective treatments for uro-oncological malignancies.
- Checkpoint inhibitors are a validated and effective treatment modality for advanced urothelial carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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