[Aortic diseases : Modern diagnostic and therapeutic strategies]

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Vascular Surgery
• Genetics

Background:

• Aortic diseases affect both the thoracic and abdominal aorta.
• Major etiological factors include hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipoproteinemia.
• Increasingly, genetic predispositions are recognized in aortic disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the scope and etiology of aortic diseases.
• To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.
• To emphasize the need for specialized aortic centers and regional networks.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on aortic disease.
• Analysis of etiological factors and clinical presentations.
• Discussion of diagnostic algorithms and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• Aortic aneurysms can be asymptomatic until complications arise.
• Acute aortic events include dissection, intramural hematoma, penetrating ulcers, and traumatic injuries.
• Standardized diagnostic algorithms facilitate rapid initiation of therapy.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of aortic diseases requires prompt diagnosis and timely intervention, including medicinal therapy or surgical/endovascular repair (TEVAR/EVAR).
• Establishing specialized aortic centers within regional networks is recommended for optimal patient care and outcomes.