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Prefrontal cortex NG2 glia undergo a developmental switch in their responsiveness to exercise.
Lyl Tomlinson1,2, Po Hsuan Huang2, Holly Colognato2
1Program in Neurosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
Developmental Neurobiology
|March 24, 2018
Summary
Aerobic exercise impacts brain development differently in juvenile and adult mice. Exercise boosts oligodendrocyte precursor cells in juveniles and new oligodendrocytes in adults, affecting cognitive functions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Exercise Physiology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Aerobic exercise enhances executive functions in humans, linked to neurogenesis and neuronal function.
- Oligodendroglia and myelination in the adult prefrontal cortex (PFC) respond to exercise.
- The effects of exercise on juvenile oligodendroglia and myelination remain largely unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how long-term aerobic exercise influences oligodendrocyte development and myelination in juvenile and young adult mice.
- To compare exercise-induced changes in the PFC and corpus callosum between developmental stages.
Main Methods:
- Mice (juvenile and young adult) were given access to running wheels for four weeks.
- Analysis of oligodendrocyte development, including NG2+ cell proliferation and new oligodendrocyte production.
- Assessment of myelination markers and gene expression in the PFC and corpus callosum.
Main Results:
- Exercise increased NG2+ cell proliferation in the PFC of juvenile mice but not young adults.
- Exercise enhanced new oligodendrocyte production in the PFC of young adult mice but not juveniles.
- Elevated Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 levels were observed in the PFC of exercising young adults.
Conclusions:
- Long-term aerobic exercise differentially modulates PFC glial development in juvenile versus young adult mice.
- These findings suggest distinct cellular mechanisms underlie exercise-related cognitive benefits across adolescent and young adult stages.
- Exercise impacts brain development and myelination differently depending on the developmental stage.
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