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Exercise and prostate cancer: From basic science to clinical applications.

Christian Campos1, Paula Sotomayor2, Daniel Jerez1

  • 1Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de, Chile.

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Regular physical activity may lower prostate cancer risk and improve outcomes for patients undergoing treatment. Exercise can counteract side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), enhancing overall patient well-being.

Keywords:
aerobic exerciseandrogen deprivation therapyphysical activityresistance training

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Exercise Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant global health concern, being the most common non-skin cancer in men in developed countries and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality.
  • Physical activity is recognized as an environmental factor influencing cancer risk, with evidence suggesting a link between higher physical activity levels and a reduced risk of developing PCa.
  • Studies indicate that exercise post-diagnosis offers benefits for PCa progression and patient outcomes during treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence on the role of exercise in prostate cancer (PCa) development and management.
  • To explore how exercise interventions can mitigate the adverse effects of standard PCa treatments, particularly androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).
  • To assess the potential of exercise as a complementary therapy for advanced PCa.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were examined to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and PCa risk.
  • Epidemiological studies were analyzed to understand the impact of exercise on PCa development and patient outcomes.
  • Research on the effects of aerobic and resistance training on patients undergoing cancer treatment was reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Systemic reviews suggest that increased physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of developing PCa.
  • Exercise interventions, including aerobic and resistance training, have been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, physical function, body composition, and reduce fatigue in patients.
  • Exercise may counteract several side effects induced by ADT, such as changes in body composition and reduced muscle mass.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity may attenuate the risk of developing PCa.
  • Supervised exercise interventions can improve outcomes for patients undergoing cancer treatment by mitigating adverse effects like those from ADT.
  • Exercise holds potential as a complementary and potentiating therapy for advanced PCa, possibly by creating an unfavorable tumor microenvironment.