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Errors in taping arise from multiple factors that can significantly impact measurement accuracy in surveying. Misalignment of the tape, often due to human error, is one primary source. A skilled rear tapeman, using a telescope, can help correct alignment by guiding the head tapeman; however, human limitations still lead to small inaccuracies. These errors may include misplacement of pins or inaccurate tape readings due to common visual confusions, such as mistaking a six for a nine. Such...
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Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
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The nervous system consists of complex motor neuron circuits, including upper motor neurons originating from the cerebral cortex and lower motor neurons starting in the spinal cord, coordinating both voluntary and involuntary movements. Among these, somatic motor neurons activate skeletal muscles and are classified into alpha, beta, and gamma types. Alpha neurons are vital for voluntary movement coordination, while gamma neurons adjust muscle spindle sensitivity, and the function of beta...
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Shoulder Taping and Neuromuscular Control.

Suzanne J Snodgrass1, Scott F Farrell1,2, Henry Tsao3

  • 1School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

Journal of Athletic Training
|March 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Scapular taping may improve shoulder movement by speeding up muscle activation, particularly the upper trapezius and lower trapezius muscles. These benefits appear most effective immediately after taping for rehabilitation exercises.

Keywords:
electromyographymuscle contractionphysical therapy techniquesrehabilitationscapulashoulder paintranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromusculoskeletal conditions
  • Sports medicine
  • Rehabilitation science

Background:

  • Scapular taping offers clinical benefits for shoulder pain, but its mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies for shoulder conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of scapular taping's effectiveness.
  • To examine how scapular taping influences muscle activation and corticomotor excitability during shoulder movements.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive laboratory study involving 15 healthy participants.
  • Surface electromyography (EMG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation were used to assess muscle activity and corticomotor excitability.
  • Measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 24 hours after scapular taping.

Main Results:

  • Scapular taping led to an earlier onset of upper trapezius and lower trapezius muscle contractions during shoulder abduction and flexion, respectively.
  • These effects on muscle contraction onset were primarily observed immediately after taping and not sustained at 24 hours.
  • No significant changes in peak EMG activity or corticomotor excitability were found across the measured time points.

Conclusions:

  • Scapular taping can facilitate earlier muscle activation of the trapezius muscles during shoulder movements.
  • Altered corticomotor excitability does not appear to be the primary mechanism behind these immediate effects.
  • The findings suggest that the period immediately following tape application may be optimal for incorporating rehabilitative exercises to enhance trapezius muscle activation.