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Related Concept Videos

Toroids01:27

Toroids

3.9K
A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single  conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of  multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb points in...
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Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Magnetic Field of a Solenoid01:18

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

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A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

2.8K
If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
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Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Millimeter-Wave Beam Scattering by Field-Aligned Blobs in Simple Magnetized Toroidal Plasmas.

O Chellaï1, S Alberti1, M Baquero-Ruiz1

  • 1Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Summary

This study reports the first direct measurements of millimeter-wave scattering by plasma blobs. Experimental data align with a full-wave model, validating its predictive capabilities for plasma density fluctuations.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Wave-plasma interactions
  • Millimeter-wave diagnostics

Background:

  • Understanding plasma behavior is crucial for fusion energy and space physics.
  • Plasma blobs significantly impact wave propagation.
  • Direct experimental data on millimeter-wave scattering by plasma blobs are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first direct experimental measurements of millimeter-wave scattering by plasma blobs.
  • To investigate the relationship between electron density fluctuations and transmitted power.
  • To validate a first-principles full-wave model against experimental observations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a simple magnetized torus for plasma generation.
  • Employing millimeter-wave beams with wavelengths comparable to plasma blob sizes.
  • Conducting in-situ Langmuir probe measurements for electron density diagnostics.

Main Results:

  • Direct experimental measurements of millimeter-wave scattering by plasma blobs were successfully obtained.
  • Electron density fluctuations were shown to induce correlated fluctuations in transmitted millimeter-wave power.
  • A first-principles full-wave model accurately predicted experimental results using 2D electron density profiles.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first direct experimental validation of millimeter-wave scattering by plasma blobs.
  • The developed full-wave model is a reliable tool for predicting wave propagation in plasmas with density fluctuations.
  • These findings advance the understanding of wave-plasma interactions in magnetized toroidal systems.