3D printing strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Peripheral nerve regeneration research has yielded nerve guides for short gaps.
• Long-distance peripheral nerve injuries remain a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review how 3D printing can advance nerve guide strategies for long-distance peripheral nerve regeneration.
• To explore the potential of 3D printing in creating advanced nerve regeneration conduits.

Main Methods:

• Review of current 3D printing applications in biomaterials and regenerative medicine.
• Identification of specific 3D printing techniques applicable to nerve guide fabrication and functionalization.

Main Results:

• 3D printing enables customizable nerve guides and internal scaffolds.
• 3D bioprinting of cells and creation of growth factor gradients within guides are feasible.
• Improving resolution allows for fascicular-like structures for enhanced nerve guidance.

Conclusions:

• 3D printing holds significant promise for fabricating patient-specific nerve guides with internal structures that outperform nerve autografts for large gap injuries.
• Advanced 3D printing technologies are crucial for overcoming limitations in current peripheral nerve regeneration strategies.