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Related Concept Videos

Tissue-Drug Binding: Localization of Drugs and its Significance01:24

Tissue-Drug Binding: Localization of Drugs and its Significance

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Body tissues, comprising approximately 40% of the body weight, are crucial in drug distribution and localization. These tissues can serve as drug storage sites, competing with plasma binding sites for drug molecules.
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models
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Nucleoside-Based Self-Assembling Drugs for Localized Drug Delivery.

Katherine J Skilling1, Michael J Stocks1, Barrie Kellam1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.

Chemmedchem
|March 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel gelators using gemcitabine and lamivudine nucleoside analogues for potential localized drug delivery. These nucleoside-based gelators show promise for new cancer treatments and therapies.

Keywords:
drug deliverygelsgemcitabinelamivudinenucleosides

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Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Nucleoside analogues are crucial in various therapeutic applications.
  • Developing effective localized drug delivery systems remains a significant challenge in medicine.
  • Self-assembling small molecules offer potential for advanced drug formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel gelators based on nucleoside analogues.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of these nucleoside-based gelators.
  • To explore their application in localized drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of gemcitabine and lamivudine derivatives.
  • Rheological analysis to determine gel properties.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structural characterization.
  • In vitro growth inhibition assays for cytotoxicity assessment.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of a series of nucleoside-based gelators.
  • Rheological studies confirmed the formation of stable gel networks.
  • TEM revealed the self-assembled fibrillar structures of the gels.
  • Gemcitabine derivatives demonstrated significant growth inhibition of cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleoside analogues can be effectively formulated into self-assembling hydrogels.
  • These novel gelators show potential as carriers for localized drug delivery.
  • Gemcitabine-based gels represent a promising strategy for novel cancer therapeutics.