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Enhancing passive sampling tools for detecting marine bioinvasions.

Leigh Tait1, Graeme Inglis1, Kimberley Seaward1

  • 1National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd, PO Box 8602, Riccarton, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand.

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Summary

Optimizing monitoring for invasive marine species requires diverse sampling methods. Using settlement arrays with varied treatments, like shaded habitats and antifouling coatings, effectively maximizes the detection of non-indigenous marine species (NIMS).

Keywords:
BiodiversityBiofoulingCopperInvasion biologyNon-indigenous species (NIS)Settlement platesSpecies richness

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Ecology
  • Invasive species research

Background:

  • Effective management of invasive species relies on early detection.
  • Settlement plates are commonly used to monitor non-indigenous marine species (NIMS) on vessels.
  • Assessing the fitness-for-purpose of settlement plates for diverse NIMS detection is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal treatment combinations on settlement plates for maximizing NIMS diversity.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different settlement array treatments in sampling NIMS.
  • To enhance monitoring strategies for multiple NIMS across various taxonomic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Deployment of settlement arrays with varied treatments simulating vessel transport pathways (copper-based antifouling coatings, shaded habitats).
  • Comparison of NIMS diversity sampled by horizontal (shaded) versus vertical plates.
  • Analysis of species composition and diversity based on plate treatments.

Main Results:

  • Horizontal, shaded treatments sampled significantly higher NIMS diversity compared to vertical plates.
  • Copper-based biocides increased the proportion of NIMS relative to indigenous species but captured only a subset of NIMS diversity.
  • Combined treatments within multi-faceted sampling arrays substantially enhanced overall NIMS taxonomic and species richness.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-faceted settlement arrays incorporating diverse treatments are superior for maximizing NIMS detection.
  • Habitat simulation (shading) is a key factor in enhancing NIMS diversity sampling.
  • Monitoring strategies should integrate varied treatments to effectively survey a broad spectrum of NIMS.