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Memory decline accompanies subthreshold amyloid accumulation.

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Memory decline in older adults is linked to increasing amyloid levels, even in those initially testing negative. This early amyloid accumulation may signal the first signs of cognitive changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Extensive cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity is associated with cognitive decline.
  • The clinical significance of Aβ levels within the negative range remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between amyloid accumulation and cognitive trajectories in cognitively normal, Aβ-negative older adults.
  • To determine if sub-threshold amyloid increases predict longitudinal changes in memory and executive function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 142 cognitively normal individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative with baseline Aβ-negative status.
  • Longitudinal assessment of amyloid using [18F]-florbetapir PET scans over approximately 3.9 years.
  • Correlation of amyloid accumulation rates with changes in memory and executive function.

Main Results:

  • Amyloid accumulation was observed in baseline Aβ-negative individuals, with an average annual increase of 0.002 SUVr units/y.
  • Amyloid accumulation was associated with poorer longitudinal memory performance (p = 0.019), but not executive function.
  • A stronger association between amyloid accumulation and memory decline was found when using data from individuals with at least 3 timepoints (p = 0.007).

Conclusions:

  • Memory decline occurs alongside amyloid accumulation in healthy, Aβ-negative older adults.
  • Increases in amyloid within the negative range may indicate early pathological changes with specific cognitive impacts.