Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

7.8K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
7.8K
Chemical Formulas02:52

Chemical Formulas

61.8K
A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
61.8K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.7K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.7K
Chemical Equations03:10

Chemical Equations

82.2K
Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...
82.2K
Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

96.0K
A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
96.0K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

8.0K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

New approach methodologies (NAMs) for improved developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) assessment with focus on endocrine disruption - a PARC project.

Frontiers in toxicology·2026
Same author

From correlation to causation: Integrating cohorts with experimental studies in mixture toxicology.

Neurotoxicology·2026
Same author

The assessment for potential thyroid-mediated endocrine disruption in amphibians: Clarification on the use of new methods and on the interpretation of changes in thyroid histology.

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2025
Same author

Erratum to "The thyroid hormone system and its disruption" [Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris) (2025) 101773].

Annales d'endocrinologie·2025
Same author

The thyroid hormone system and its disruption.

Annales d'endocrinologie·2025
Same author

Crisis on the Planet of the Apes-Plastic, the new threat?

Annales d'endocrinologie·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K

Thyroid-disrupting chemicals and brain development: an update.

Bilal B Mughal1, Jean-Baptiste Fini1, Barbara A Demeneix2

  • 1CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.

Endocrine Connections
|March 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals can harm brain development. Prenatal exposure to these chemicals may contribute to rising rates of neurodevelopmental diseases and IQ loss.

Keywords:
endocrine disruptorsneuroendocrinologythyroid

More Related Videos

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

12.1K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K
An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

12.1K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are crucial for optimal brain development.
  • Thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals (THDCs) are environmental contaminants.
  • Maternal thyroid hormone signaling impacts offspring neurodevelopment and disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on THDCs and their effects on brain development.
  • To explore mechanisms of THDC action, including endocrine disruption.
  • To investigate the link between prenatal THDC exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological and experimental data from the last decade.
  • Analysis of chemical classes affecting thyroid hormone signaling.
  • Examination of interactions with estrogen and androgen signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • THDCs can disrupt thyroid hormone signaling, impacting brain development.
  • Some THDCs also interfere with estrogen and androgen pathways, exacerbating effects.
  • Maternal THDC exposure is linked to reduced offspring IQ and increased neurodevelopmental disease risk.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal exposure to THDCs is a significant concern for neurodevelopment.
  • Mixtures of THDCs may explain current increases in neurodevelopmental diseases and IQ loss.
  • Further research is needed to understand and mitigate THDC risks.