Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

43.8K
Overview
43.8K
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

6.7K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
6.7K
Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

4.4K
The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
4.4K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

1.0K
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
1.0K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

38.6K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
38.6K
Positive, Negative, and Zero Work00:58

Positive, Negative, and Zero Work

22.3K
Work is done on an object when energy is transferred to the object. In other words, work is done when a force acts on a body that undergoes a displacement from one position to another. By definition, the work done by a force is the integral of the force with respect to the displacement along its path. Forces can vary as a function of position, and displacements can occur along various paths between two points. The magnitude of a force multiplied by the cosine of the angle that the force makes...
22.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome patterns and associated factors in adults with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: a data-driven analysis.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Gut bacteria that produce fatty acid ethanolamides alleviate diarrhea-predominant IBS with insulin resistance.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same author

Chinese Medicine as First-Line Treatment for Subthreshold Mental Disorders in Primary Care: Opportunities and Challenges.

F1000Research·2026
Same author

The Distinct Roles of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Cognitive Control: Evidence From Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same author

Superhydrophobic photothermal sponge based on tannic acid-Fe<sup>3 +</sup> coordination complex for high-efficiency viscous oil absorption.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation of Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study.

JMIR research protocols·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns
13:44

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

43.7K

Detecting violation in abstract pitch patterns with mismatch negativity.

Xue-Zhen Xiao1, Hoi Ki Wong1, Yang Wang1

  • 1Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Psychophysiology
|March 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The brain detects patterns in sounds, even abstract relationships between pitches. This study shows sensitivity to violations in these auditory patterns, crucial for music and language.

Keywords:
ERPsMMNabstract ruleauditory processespitch pattern

More Related Videos

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

8.4K
Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis
10:28

Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis

Published on: February 8, 2010

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns
13:44

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

43.7K
Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

8.4K
Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis
10:28

Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis

Published on: February 8, 2010

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychoacoustics

Background:

  • The human brain automatically identifies regularities in environmental auditory events.
  • Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a neurophysiological measure sensitive to auditory change detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the brain's extraction of abstract auditory patterns, including relationships between properties.
  • To measure mismatch negativity (MMN) responses to violations of second- and third-order auditory patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Participants ignored auditory tone triplets while watching a movie.
  • Mismatch negativity (MMN) was measured using event-related potentials.
  • Deviants violated either interval (second-order) or ratio (third-order) patterns, or both, with varying deviance levels.

Main Results:

  • MMN was elicited by both interval and ratio pattern deviants in a mixed patterns block.
  • Only ratio pattern deviants elicited MMN in a ratio pattern block.
  • Larger MMN amplitudes correlated with greater deviance levels.

Conclusions:

  • The auditory change detection system is sensitive to violations of abstract patterns and the relationships between them.
  • This ability to extract regularities in auditory event properties and their relationships is fundamental to music and language perception.