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Glycemic extremes are related to cognitive dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis

Jing He1,2, Andrew G Ryder3,4, Shichen Li1,2

  • 1Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Journal of Diabetes Investigation
|March 25, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes exhibit cognitive dysfunction, including lower intelligence and attention deficits. Glycemic extremes like severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia worsen these cognitive impairments.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting children worldwide.
  • Cognitive function is crucial for academic and social development in childhood.
  • Understanding T1D's impact on cognition is vital for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify cognitive dysfunction in children with T1D.
  • To investigate patterns of cognitive deficits.
  • To explore associations with disease variables like glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched MedLine, Embase, and PsycINFO for relevant studies up to September 2016.
  • Calculated effect sizes (Hedges' g) comparing T1D children to controls.

Main Results:

  • 19 studies (1,355 T1D children, 696 controls) were included.
  • Children with T1D showed poorer overall cognition (g = -0.46).
  • Specific deficits observed in intelligence (g = -1.06), attention (g = -0.60), and psychomotor speed (g = -0.46).
  • Glycemic extremes correlated with poorer cognition (g = -0.18) and memory (g = -0.27).

Conclusions:

  • T1D is associated with cognitive dysfunction in children.
  • Deficits include lowered intelligence, attention, and psychomotor speed.
  • Glycemic extremes (hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia) are linked to cognitive impairment.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenCognitive functionType 1 diabetes

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