Progress in the genetics of autism spectrum disorder

A genetic basis for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is now well established, and with the availability of high-throughput microarray and sequencing platforms, major advances have been made in our understanding of genetic risk factors. Rare, often de novo, copy number and single nucleotide variants are both implicated, with many ASD-implicated genes showing pleiotropy and variable penetrance. Additionally, common variants are also known to play a role in ASD's genetic etiology. These new insights into the architecture of ASD's genetic etiology offer opportunities for the identification of molecular targets for novel interventions, and provide new insight for families seeking genetic counselling.

A number of rare genetic variants are implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with some showing recurrence. Common genetic variants are also important and a number of loci are now being uncovered. Genetic testing for individuals with ASD offers the opportunity to identify relevant genetic etiology.