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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

1.0K
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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Resistance01:19

Resistance

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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

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Drug-resistant Spinal Tuberculosis.

Anil K Jain1, Karan Raj Jaggi1, Himanshu Bhayana1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, University College of Medical Sciences, GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
|March 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis (TB) management requires clear protocols. This review outlines suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for drug-resistant TB, emphasizing rapid diagnostics and individualized therapy.

Keywords:
Drug resistantGene-XpertMultidrug resistancePott diseasebacterialdrug resistanceline probe assaymultidrug-resistant tuberculosisspinal tuberculosistuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis (TB) presents a growing global health challenge.
  • Spinal TB diagnosis is difficult due to paucibacillary nature, with acid-fast bacilli seen in only 10-30% of cases.
  • Drug resistance is suspected with treatment failure or new lesions after 5 months of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define management protocols for suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment of drug-resistant spinal TB.
  • To highlight the limitations of conventional culture methods for diagnosis and drug sensitivity testing (DST).
  • To advocate for rapid diagnostic methods and individualized treatment regimens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on drug-resistant spinal TB management.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and limitations of conventional culture.
  • Exploration of rapid culture and molecular diagnostic techniques.
  • Emphasis on Drug-O-Gram preparation and individualized ATT based on DST results.

Main Results:

  • Conventional culture for diagnosis and DST has a long turnaround time (2-6 weeks for detection, 3 weeks for DST).
  • Rapid culture and molecular methods offer faster alternatives to conventional diagnostics.
  • Effective management involves individualized ATT regimens tailored to DST results.
  • Multidrug-resistant TB requires regimens with at least five effective drugs, including pyrazinamide and an injectable.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation are crucial for patient and community health.
  • Rapid diagnostic tools are essential to overcome the limitations of conventional methods.
  • Individualized treatment strategies based on DST are key to managing drug-resistant spinal TB effectively.