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Screened modified gravity theories, like chameleon and symmetron models, are tested using diverse methods. This review unifies constraints, revealing well-studied models are constrained, but parameter spaces remain viable for others.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology and astrophysics
  • Theoretical physics
  • Gravitational theories

Background:

  • Modified gravity theories propose light scalar fields with self-interactions and couplings to matter.
  • Chameleon and symmetron theories dynamically suppress deviations from general relativity within the solar system.
  • Environmental screening mechanisms allow these scalars to be relevant on larger scales, evading classical searches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review state-of-the-art searches for screened scalars coupled to matter.
  • To translate current experimental and astrophysical bounds into a single parametrization.
  • To survey the viability of different modified gravity models.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of laboratory and astrophysical tests for fifth-force searches.
  • Reinterpretation of existing datasets to probe screening mechanisms.
  • Parametrization of search results to enable comparison across different probes.

Main Results:

  • Commonly studied chameleon models are well-constrained; less common ones have viable parameter space.
  • Symmetron models are constrained by astrophysical and laboratory tests, with a gap between scales.
  • f(R) models with the chameleon mechanism are constrained, but higher-order theories lack bounds.

Conclusions:

  • While some screened modified gravity models are highly constrained, significant parameter space remains unexplored for others.
  • The coupling of symmetron scalars to photons is an open area for research.
  • Future experiments are crucial for further constraining screened modified gravity models.