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Related Concept Videos

Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

68.2K
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
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What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

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The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
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The Endocrine System01:29

The Endocrine System

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The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...
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An Overview of the Endocrine System01:10

An Overview of the Endocrine System

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The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...
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Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

Structures of the Endocrine System

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The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
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Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
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The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

Published on: July 24, 2018

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Clock genes alterations and endocrine disorders.

Anna Angelousi1, Eva Kassi2, Narjes Nasiri-Ansari2

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology, Endocrine Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|March 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian clock genes are linked to endocrine diseases like diabetes and impact hormone regulation. More human studies are needed to clarify their complex roles and tissue-specific functions.

Keywords:
PERadrenalbrain and muscle ARNT-like 1circadian locomotor output cycles kaputcryptochromediabetes mellitusthyroid

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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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Slice Preparation, Organotypic Tissue Culturing and Luciferase Recording of Clock Gene Activity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
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Slice Preparation, Organotypic Tissue Culturing and Luciferase Recording of Clock Gene Activity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Chronobiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Endocrine signals and tissue responsiveness exhibit daily oscillations.
  • These circadian rhythms are controlled by an intrinsic biological clock.
  • Daily oscillations are not solely driven by external cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between clock genes and endocrine diseases.
  • To explore the role of circadian rhythmicity in endocrine function.
  • To identify potential links between genetic variations in clock genes and disease development.

Main Methods:

  • PubMed database search for relevant studies.
  • Identification of studies linking clock genes to endocrine disorders.
  • Analysis of associations between gene polymorphisms/expression and disease states.

Main Results:

  • Human polymorphisms in BMAL1 and CLOCK genes are associated with type 2 diabetes.
  • ARNTL2, BMAL1, and PER1 are implicated in type 1 diabetes development.
  • Clock genes influence thyroid hormone regulation, adrenal function, pituitary hormone expression, and fertility, with tissue-specific effects observed.

Conclusions:

  • Clock genes are implicated in various endocrine disorders through intricate mechanisms.
  • Human data on the role of clock genes in endocrine diseases are limited.
  • Tissue-specific expression of clock genes adds a layer of regulatory complexity requiring further investigation.